这不是不相关的东西，在这个时代里不管干什么想不跟IT打交道是不可能的事。就算你只是个在实验室里修电脑的，本文也值得一看。
中文是我简单翻译的，可能与原意并不完全相同。
The 30 skills every IT person should
have
An IT manager's guide on how to be better
at what you do, no matter how experienced you are
By Richard Casselberry
June 02, 2008
On MSN the other day, I noticed an article
called "75 skills every man should master." It included some skills
I have and some I don't. For example, I can tie a knot and hammer a
nail, but frankly I can't recite a poem from memory, and bow ties
still confuse me.
It was an interesting read and made me
realize I could be more well-rounded than I am. To be honest, we
all could be.
So in the spirit of personal growth, I
developed a list of skills every IT person should have.
1. Be able to fix basic PC issues.
These can be how to map a printer, back up files, or add a network
card. You don't need to be an expert and understand how to
overclock a CPU or hack the registry, but if you work in IT, people
expect you to be able to do some things.
[ Ifyou have IT staffers who
aren't up to snuff, fire them.
Learn how to do it right. ]
懂得配置电脑。你要知道怎样配置一个打印机，备份文件，添加网卡。不必懂得如何去超频CPU或去做hacker，但总得知道些什么。
2. Work the help desk. Everyone,
from the CIO to the senior architect, should be able to sit down at
the help desk and answer the phones. Not only will you gain a new
appreciation for the folks on the phones, but you will also teach
them more about your process and avoid escalations in the
future.
接受咨询。从CIO到资深设计师，都应该坐在咨询台前面去接受咨询。要听的话不只是感激，也要告诉他们关于你的工程，避免未来的升级。（为什么避免升级？大概译错了？）
3. Do public speaking. At least
once, you should present a topic to your peers. It can be as simple
as a five-minute tutorial on how IM works, but being able to
explain something and being comfortable enough to talk in front of
a crowd is a skill you need to have. If you are nervous, partner
with someone who is good at it, or do a roundtable. This way, if
you get flustered, someone is there to cover for you.
作公开讲话。至少应有一次对你的同事陈述你的观点，尽管聊天软件可能更简单，但在人前自在地讲话是一个必备的技能。
4. Train someone. The best way to
learn is to teach.
培训。最好的学习方式是去教别人。
5. Listen more than you speak. I
very rarely say something I didn't already know, but I often hear
other people say things and think, "Darn, I wish I knew that last
week."
听多于说。
6. Know basic networking. Whether
you are a network engineer, a help desk technician, a business
analyst, or a system administrator, you need to understand how
networks work and simple troubleshooting. You should understand DNS
and how to check it, as well as how to ping and trace-route
machines.
基本的网络工作原理。应该懂得如何配置DNS，怎样去ping网络中其他的电脑。
7. Know basic system administration.
Understand file permissions, access levels, and why machines talk
to the domain controllers. You don't need to be an expert, but
knowing the basics will avoid many headaches down the
road.
基本系统管理。了解文件权限，级别，如何在域中工作。这可以避免很多令人头痛的问题。（文件打不开？共享中的文件别人打不开？看看权限吧。）
8. Know how to take a network trace.
Everyone in IT should be able to fire up wireshark, netmon, snoop,
or some basic network capturing tool. You don't need to understand
everything in it, but you should be able to capture it to send to a
network engineer to examine.
网络追踪。至少能把像样的问题报告发给网管。（不要发一堆浆糊过来。）
9. Know the difference between latency
and bandwidth. Latency is the amount of time to get a packet
back and forth; bandwidth is the maximum amount of data a link can
carry. They are related, but different. A link with high-bandwidth
utilization can cause latency to go higher, but if the link isn't
full, adding more bandwidth can't reduce latency.
延迟和带宽。二者是相关的，高利用率的带宽必定会增加延迟，但是如果连接不满，增大带宽也不会降低延迟。（不要作无谓的猜想。）
10. Script. Everyone should be able
to throw a script together to get quick results. That doesn't mean
you're a programmer. Real programmers put in error messages, look
for abnormal behavior, and document. You don't need to do that, but
you should be able to put something together to remove lines, send
e-mail, or copy files.
脚本。写一个脚本加快你的工作。这不是说你要做一个程序员，真正的程序员能够做更多的东西。你需要的大致是快速移除你文档中的空行，自动发送E-Mail，复制文件等。（不会写的话叫人帮你写吧。）
11. Back up. Before you do anything,
for your own sake, back it up.
备份。在你要做重大修改之前。
12. Test backups. If you haven't
tested restoring it, it isn't really there. Trust me.
测试备份。这份备份真的能恢复吗？（你要修改的是不是你用来恢复备份的那个脚本？）
13. Document. None of the rest of us
wants to have to figure out what you did. Write it down and put it
in a location everyone can find. Even if it's obvious what you did
or why you did it, write it down.
文档。其他人不会知道你做过什么。记录下来，即使你对它很清楚。
14. Read "The Cuckoo's Egg." I don't
get a cut from Cliff Stoll (the author), but this is probably the
best security book there is -- not because it is so technical, but
because it isn't.
“杜鹃的蛋”。这个故事出色地描述了一个安全问题，说它出色是因为正确的做法与故事中的完全相反。（这是个什么故事？）
15. Work all night on a team
project. No one likes to do this, but it's part of IT. Working
through a hell project that requires an all-nighter to resolve
stinks, but it builds very useful camaraderie by the time it is
done.
通宵的小组工作。这是IT行业的一部分。
16. Run cable. It looks easy, but it
isn't. Plus, you will understand why installing a new server
doesn't really take five minutes -- unless, of course, you just
plug in both ends and let the cable fall all over the place. Don't
do that -- do it right. Label all the cables (yes, both ends), and
dress them nice and neat. This will save time when there's a
problem because you'll be able to see what goes where.
电缆。把你的电缆两端都做上明显的标记。（此外，不要在不插电缆时问“为何共享无法打开”这样的问题。）
17. You should know some energy rules of
thumb. For example: A device consuming 3.5kW of
electricity requires a ton of cooling to compensate for the heat.
And I really do mean a ton, not merely "a lot." Note that 3.5kW is
roughly what 15 to 20 fairly new 1U and 2U servers consume. One ton
of cooling requires three 10-inch-round ducts to handle the air; 30
tons of air requires a duct measuring 80 by 20 inches. Thirty tons
of air is a considerable amount.
了解一些电学知识。比如你需要多少空气去冷却一个电源，用什么设备去驱动空气。（这个问题谁想过？）
18. Manage at least one project.
This way, the next time the project manager asks you for a status,
you'll understand why. Ideally, you will have already sent the
status report because you knew it would be asked for.
管理至少一个工程。下次工程经理问你，你就会知道他需要的是什么。
19. Understand operating costs versus
capital projects. Operating costs are the costs to run the
business. Capital equipment is made of assets that can have their
cost spread over a time period -- say, 36 months. Operating costs
are sometimes better, sometimes worse. Know which one is better --
it can make a difference between a yes and no.
了解经费与资本项目。（这句不是很懂。）
20. Learn the business processes.
Being able to spot improvements in the way the business is run is a
great technique for gaining points. You don't need to use fancy
tools; just asking a few questions and using common sense will
serve you well.
了解业务流程。（同上）
21. Don't be afraid to debate something
you know is wrong. But also know when to stop arguing. It's a
fine line between having a good idea and being a pain in the
ass.
不要害怕辩论的东西是错的。但是要懂得何时结束争辩。
22. If you have to go to your boss with
a problem, make sure you have at least one solution.
问你老板问题时你需要有一个自己的答案。
23. There is no such thing as a dumb
question, so ask it ... once. Then write down the answer so
that you don't have to ask it again. If you ask the same person the
same question more than twice, you're an idiot (in their
eyes).
问答案显而易见的问题并没什么，但是只问一次。之后写下答案。如果问的太多，会被认为是白痴。
24. Even if it takes you twice as long
to figure something out on your own versus asking someone else,
take the time to do it yourself. You'll remember it longer. If
it takes more than twice as long, ask.
如果一个问题你自己做会比问别人需要花费两倍的时间，那就自己做。这会使你记得更深。但是如果超过两倍了，还是去问吧。
25. Learn how to speak without using
acronyms.
不要用缩写词讲话。记住它们的全名。
26. IT managers: Listen
to your people. They know more than you. If not, get rid of
them and hire smarter people. If you think you are the smartest
one, resign.
作为领导，听自己手下的意见。他们比你了解的更多。如果不是这样，解雇他们再雇更聪明的人。如果你认为你是最聪明的一个，辞职。
27. IT managers: If you
know the answer, ask the right questions for someone else to get
the solution; don't just give the answer. This is hard when you
know what will bring the system back up quickly and everyone in the
company is waiting for it, but it will pay off in the long run.
After all, you won't always be available.
作为领导，如果你知道答案，用适当的问题去问其他人而不是直接给出答案。如果你知道怎样使系统备份更快的方法而其他人都在等，那你也许会自己去做，但是这不是好主意。今后你的空闲时间会变少。
28. IT managers: The
first time someone does something wrong, it's not a mistake -- it's
a learning experience. The next time, though, give them hell.
And remember: Every day is a chance for an employee
to learn something else. Make sure they learn something valuable
versus learning there's a better job out there.
作为领导，你的手下第一次做错时，不应视为错误——他们在学习经验。下一次，让他们知道什么是地狱。每天都是积累经验的机会。确保你的雇员了解有用的东西而不是认为别处有一个更好的工作。
29. IT managers: Always
give people more work than you think they can handle. People
will say you are unrealistic, but everyone needs something to
complain about anyway, so make it easy. Plus, there's nothing worse
than looking at the clock at 2 p.m. and thinking, "I've got nothing
to do, but can't leave." This way, your employees won't have that
dilemma.
作为领导，给你的手下多于你认为他能力所限的工作。不要担心他们抱怨，否则他们也会抱怨别的。至少他们不会在下午两点的时候就没事干。
30. IT managers: Square
pegs go in square holes. If someone works well in a team but
not so effectively on their own, keep them as part of a
team.
作为领导，知人善用。如果某人适合团体工作而单独工作时没有效率，让他做团体工作。
